economy and rise of China's economy caused reverse migration and the decay of Chinatowns. The Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed by the Magnuson Act in 1943, and Chinatown populations began to rise again. Arthur signed the Chinese Exclusion Act into law, which banned Chinese immigration into the United States. Racial and labor tensions led to incidents such as the Rock Springs Massacre and Hells Canyon Massacre. As Chinese immigrants started moving eastward, drawn by labor needs for the transcontinental railroad, newer Chinatowns emerged by 1875 in cities such as New York, Philadelphia, and Boston. The Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 opened up new opportunities for Chinese people in the Southern United States. The earliest Chinatowns in the United States were founded on the West Coast during the 19th century, spurred on by the California Gold Rush. New York City, San Francisco, and Los Angeles have the largest Chinese populations in the United States, and the Chinatowns in New York City are some of the largest Chinese enclaves outside of Asia. Many historic Chinatowns have lost their status as ethnic Chinese enclaves due to gentrification and demographic shifts, while others have become major tourist attractions. economy caused many Chinese Americans to return to China. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 barred Chinese immigration to the United States, but the Magnuson Act of 1943 repealed it, and the population of Chinatowns began to rise again. By 1875, Chinatowns had emerged in eastern cities such as New York City, Boston, and Philadelphia. The first Chinatown in the United States was San Francisco's Chinatown in 1848, and many other Chinatowns were established in the 19th century by the Chinese diaspora on the West Coast. Ĭhinatowns are enclaves of Chinese people outside of China. Chinatown, Manhattan, the highest concentration of Chinese people outside Asia.
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